Application Areas Understanding the application areas for the types of Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Risk Analysis (FMECA) and Hazards and Operability (HAZOP) requires understanding these design analyses. An FMECA is designed to be a bottom-up approach at the functional or part level with the criticality part of an FMECA, which is performed in parallel with the FMEA part, which is quantitative or qualitative. A functional FMECA would delve into failures at the functional block level while the part-part FMECA would look at individual component failures and the effect of those failures. When examining the criticality analysis portion of an FMECA, you understand that the choice between a qualitative and quantitative approach depends on whether or not part failure data is available. A quantitative approach requires a complete FMEA along with system mission information, failure definitions, part failure rates, and different severity categories, while a qualitative approach is pursued when specific failure rates are found to be unavailable. The FMECA type of analysis offers the ability to identify potential individual failures with the use of severity ratings to highlight potential hazards related to the identified failures. This type of analysis considers neither combined failure nor human interactions. As highlighted by the CAIB report, “Because the FMEA/CIL process is designed for bottom-up analysis at the component level, it cannot effectively support the type of “top-down” hazard analysis needed. .. to identify potentially harmful interactions between systems". Leveson et al. c. 2004, p. 6)A...... half of the document ......and where a systematic approach can be adopted and a multidisciplinary team is assembled to proceed with the HAZOP. This HAZOP team must have sufficient operational experience to enable coverage of the operational and safety aspects of the HAZOP is to focus on a single event denying at the same time the impact of a combination of events that could cause potential disasters. This can easily be corrected by incorporating the use of multiple techniques for hazard analysis given that the application area is where this idea is embraced. It is also interesting to note that a HAZOP can be applied in an area where the hazards may be found to lie in the behavior and performance of personnel. This type of analysis has an inherent brainstorming methodology that allows for out-of-the-box thinking to consider everything possible