IntroductionImagine that you are of Arab origin and are subjected to more thorough checks than others at the airport. The only way airport staff can identify that you are of Arab origin is by your surname, Najjar. Airport staff constantly take extra measures to confirm that you are not a terrorist. Stereotypes have existed in American culture for centuries. Early in American history, stereotypes about Blacks and Mexicans associated them predominantly with lower-class attributes (Campbell, 1967). Major social events can have an effect on how various groups of people are viewed. For example, the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, in which several individuals of Arab origin brutally killed hundreds of unsuspecting American citizens. The terrorist hijacked several aircraft carriers and put them on an accelerated route to various national landmarks. Since the events of September 11, many non-European American citizens have been the target of discrimination, prejudice, hate crimes, racism and stereotyping. According to Holman (2008), Arab nurses reported experiencing discrimination in the form of intimidation and patient rejection more frequently than before the September 11 attacks. Outside of the public arena, discrimination is impacting the home lives of minority citizens. In a 2011 study involving 18 Arab-American couples, researchers found a relationship between the events of September 11 and marital problems rooted in cultural identity (Kulwicki, 2011). Name discrimination is hypothesized to affect the mental and physical health of those individuals. who are stereotyped. The present study examines cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., smoking, body mass index, and number of endocrine disorders). Attacks. New England Journal of Medicine, 345(20), 1507-1512.Williams, D. (1999). Race, socioeconomic status, and health: The additive effects of racism and discrimination Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,. 896, 173-188.Williams, D. and Chiquita Collins (1995). Socioeconomic and racial differences in the United States: Patterns and explanations Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 349-386.Williams, D., Harold Neighbors, James. Jackson (2003). Racial/ethnic discrimination and health: Findings from community studies, 93(2), 200-208. Wilson, W. J. (1987). and Public Policy Chicago, IL: University of Chicago PressWilson, W.J. (1996 When Work Disappears: The World of the New Urban Poor New York, NY: Knopf
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