During the late Pleistocene, a mystery occurred in which large mammals became extinct in North America while surviving in other parts of the world. Scientists studying the late Pleistocene extinction have provided a plethora of explanations, including excessive extermination by humans, extraterrestrial events, and climate change (Faith and Surovell, 2009). However, there was no single explanation that everyone agreed on. Recognizing this, J. Tyler Faith and Todd A. Surovell conducted tests to find out whether the extinction was a single event or a long-term process. Their findings were important to other scientists in the same field, as they served as a guideline for their explanations of the catalysts of the extinction. Scientists in this field have mainly focused on the potential causes of this event. The first is the overkill hypothesis. In 2002, Grayson and Meltzer revisited Paul Martin's late Pleistocene extinction hypothesis, developed 40 years ago. The hypothesis states that the extinction of Late Pleistocene animals is the result of human overexploitation; Grayson and Meltzer criticize this hypothesis because Martin used evidence specific to New Zealand, where humans hunted mammals to extinction 900 years ago. While they did not rule out excessive human exploitation as a cause of the Pleistocene extinctions, they hypothesized that other events could have contributed to the extinction (Grayson and Meltzer, 2003). Other scientists like Alroy have disputed this contradiction. Alroy used a computer simulation to compare the change in human population size and the change in herbivore population size during the late Pleistocene to support the overkill hypothesis (Alroy, 2001). Meanwhile, Haynes used “black mats”, or or...... half of the paper ......es 1675-1680, ISSN 0277-3791, 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.03.011.Grayson, Donald K and Meltzer, David J. A requiem for North American overkill, Journal of Archaeological Science, volume 30, number 5, May 2003, pages 585-593, ISSN 0305-4403, 10.1016/S0305-4403(02)00205-4. Haynes, CV Jr. Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination inNorth America Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2008 105 (18) 6520-6525Kennett, DJ; Kennett, J.P.; West, A; Mercer, C.; Hey, SS Que; Bement, L.; Mazzo, T.E.; Sellers, M.; Wolbach, W.S. “Nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas Boundary Sediment Layer” Science January 2, 2009: 323 (5910), 94.Long, C.A. and Yahnke, C.J. “End of the Pleistocene: moose-elk (Cervalces) and caribou (Rangifer) in Wisconsin .” Journal of mammalogy 92(5):1127-1135. 2011