One of the greatest scientific adventures ever and at the heart of it is a small and powerful DNA molecule known as "The Secret of Life". The human genome project showed that most of the 3 billion base pairs, or 99%, are stuff (selfish elements of DNA that use the body as a host) and only 1% of the genes are active. Knowing the genetic maps of living organisms, they discovered that the difference between two people is one tenth of 100% (99% identical at the DNA level), furthermore 50% of human genes are present in the banana, 97% in yeast and twice I am in the fruit fly. Discovering genome mapping takes priority to identify diseases before they are present and work on treatments. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Scientists have worked hard to make these discoveries available to everyone. To illustrate, since 1990, Congress has announced the project in which scientists around the world, in universities and government laboratories, have been involved in massive efforts to read all the base pairs of 3 billion human DNA so that are able to find medicines and treatments. . They predicted that it would take 15 years, which means a whole career of consumer process to decode the genes which was very long; for example, it took 10 years to find one protein and 1 year for 1000 genetic codes. 10 years to find 1 genetic error that causes cystic fibrosis, 10 years for Huntington's disease and 15 years for 1 of the genes that increase the risk of breast cancer. What has caused a similar space race between public labs and Celera's Genomic Company is the competition to be the first to reach the finish line in knowing all 3 billion base pairs. The government, which paid with the old methods, took all this time to catch up, unlike the scientist J. Craig Venter, owner of Celera Genomics' Company, who used machines (robots) and paid private money like the government did, but work was faster and more efficient. In 1998, Dr. Venter announced that in just 2 years it will be possible to reach the 3 billion DNA scale faster than anyone working on this public project. In 1990, Venter met some scientists who were decoding DNA and genes, and his target was a protein in the brain. There were machines and Venter used them so human genomes were cut by robots into tiny pieces, colored to differentiate genetic codes and the result was thousands of base pairs per second curling up together. In November 1999, Francis Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, reached a major milestone, and major university teams announced that they had completed one billion base pairs of DNA, a third of the total genes that set it apart in the race. Finally, in February 2001, the human genome was completely decoded and the government decided to call it Tie, which means that there is no winner between the two sides to achieve this success. Furthermore, Todd Dickinson, former director of the US Patent Office, towards the human genome has issued patents on the number of components, compositions that are found in the human body such as a gene that codes for insulin and is used to save life of diabetic people. Pharmaceutical companies are in difficulty because the approval of a single research will take at least two years and this will lead to delays in treatments. Some scientists from private companies have worked hard in finding cures, but if this invention had an owner then they would have to pay himin exchange; for this reason scientists considered it a bad deal for society. Furthermore, many companies decide not to continue working on known genes because if they appear to have an owner, they have to pay the cost. For this reason, some companies have tried to make new discoveries in the field of genes. On the other hand, there are advocates of patents who claim that they are a crucial incentive for pharmaceutical companies as this means that companies would earn millions of dollars if they made a discovery with a patent. For this reason, researchers have suddenly found themselves in an unknown world governed by large sums of money and are becoming entrepreneurs only by profiting from doing science (whether they accept it or not). While others argued that what was happening in the fields of medical research would not have happened if they were published and presented to everyone at no cost, unlike the Celera Company who believed that the human genome and other related species were just products and less tangibles of a machine. Furthermore, the human genome project has offered the possibility of learning more about the disease. Take the case of 13-day-old Riley, who was tested for cystic fibrosis (CF). Cystic fibrosis (CF) attacks different organisms in the body but especially the lungs and. This disease is detected by numerous tests, in fact its victims suffer from chronic respiratory infections and half of all patients with cystic fibrosis died before the age of 30. Riley had a small mistake in his DNA: only 3 letters out of 3 billion were missing. Because of this error, small changes or deformations in the proteins caused a catastrophe. Proteins help salt get in and out of the cell, but without it the salt gets trapped inside the cell and this triggers the whole chain of reaction that makes the cell surface sticky and covers it with thick mucus. Tony has cystic fibrosis but this is not the typical case, cystic fibrosis usually develops in early childhood but in his case the symptoms did not appear until he was 15. He is now in his mid-40s and goes to hospital three times a year to clear his lungs and carry on as normal. Dr. Craig Gerard believes the secret behind what happened lies in his genes. These genes allowed her to get more benefits, like a protein or two, which made the doctor look for the special ingredients in her. This shows that the disease varies from one to another due to the genes. Furthermore, the importance of knowing the genetic map of humans early played an important role in discovering the disease before it manifested itself. For example, little Hayden, who always smiled and developed normally in the first months, his parents later realized that he was developing slowly. This was clear after he turned one, he didn't act like other kids his age. There was a serious problem with him, he never crowded, talked, ate with his fingers, harder and harder to swallow and then went blind and can't move on his feet, this seemed to have degenerated as he got older. Everything that happened to little Hayden was due to Tay-Sachs disease, caused by a genetic condition that destroys the brain and led to his death before his third year. The cause of this disease was due to the fact that one letter in 3 billion base pairs goes wrong and there is no way to fix it. Genes are the creators of proteins, that mistake caused a problem in that protein whose job is to dissolve fats in the brain, but when it didn't work this led to the fats accumulating, swelling the brain and eventually strangling and crushing The.