Somalia scores very low on most humanitarian indicators, suffering from poor governance, protracted internal conflict, underdevelopment, financial decline, poverty, social and gender discrimination and environmental degradation. Although civil war and famine increase mortality rates, Somalia's high birth rate and large proportion of people of reproductive age maintain rapid population growth, with each generation larger than the previous one. Over 60% of the Somali population is under the age of 25 and the fertility rate is among the highest in the world, with almost 6 children per woman, a rate that has decreased slightly since the 1970s. The crime rate in Somalia is moderate for minor crimes such as being robbed or assaulted, but high for threatening and violent crimes such as assault and armed robbery. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Over 10.2 million men, women, and children are in prison around the world, and about a third are awaiting trial. The new United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (the Nelson Mandela Rules) were adopted unanimously in December 2015 by the United Nations General Assembly and set out minimum standards for good prison management, including to ensure the respect for the rights of prisoners. They are known as the Nelson Mandela Rules after the late South African president who spent 27 years in prison and defended the rights of prisoners. Fundamental Principles: Prisoners must be treated with respect for their inherent dignity and value as human beings. Torture or other ill-treatment is prohibited. Prisoners should be treated according to their needs, without discrimination. The purpose of prison is to protect society and reduce recidivism. The safety of inmates, staff, service providers and visitors is always paramount. Unfortunately, in many countries these rules are not followed. The needs of prisoners are rarely addressed. The health risks in prisons are also unacceptable. MRSA, a bacterial infection whose strains are often resistant to antibiotics, is now circulating in maximum-security prisons. And then there's the isolation. It's difficult to say exactly how many prisoners are in solitary confinement each year in the United States. Accounts from those held in solitary confinement make clear how inhumane the punishment is. Even the most optimistic lose hope. Prisoners often have no books or reading material. Visits from lawyers and family members, as well as phone calls, are severely limited, leaving prisoners with a feeling of total isolation from everything and everyone. The death this year of Jerome Murdough at Rikers is one such case. The 56-year-old homeless former Marine suffered from bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. When he was arrested on misdemeanor charges, he couldn't post $2,500 bail, and so he was sent to Rikers, where he was placed in a solitary confinement cell. Even though it was February, the cell was extremely hot. He was found dead in his cell, and an autopsy released this month by the New York medical examiner found that he died of hyperthermia, with a body temperature of 103 degrees at the time of death. Conditions in most prisons in Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland, including those administered by Al Shabaab, are harsh and poor levels of sanitation, overcrowding and disease are reported; inadequate medical facilities; extensive use of prolonged preventive detention and the use of torture and other forms of ill-treatment. The number of prisoners and detainees across the country,.