The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DMII) is a pandemic without limits. In 2013, nearly 350 million people were treated with DMII worldwide and the number is expected to exceed 500 million by 2035. Approximately 5-10% of the overall healthcare financial plan was used to make facing the DMII in many countries. As the disease advances, DMII can lead to serious complications, including congenital heart failure, kidney failure, blindness, arterial disease, and diabetic foot ulcers. DMII is often considered a co-occurrence of symptoms of dysfunctional, life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms, with abnormal blood glucose levels. Say no to plagiarism. Get a tailor-made essay on "Why Violent Video Games Shouldn't Be Banned"? Get an original essay Routine features of DMII include hyperglycemia, excessive urine production, compensatory thirst, increased fluid intake, blurred vision, unexplained weight loss, lethargy, and changes in energy metabolism. The disease is fundamentally characterized by reduced glucose resistance due to insufficient insulin action and/or insulin secretion. Despite this, chronic inflammation and elevated blood endotoxin levels have also been invariably found in individuals with DMII. While there is a solid connection between DMII and hereditary genetics, obesity leads to approximately 55% of DMII cases. In obesity, the imbalance between fatty acid absorption and oxidation leads to gradual and excessive accumulation of triacylglycerol and fatty acid metabolites in skeletal muscle, which may result in decreased insulin signaling and glucose clearance rates. Furthermore, with the size of adipose tissue increasing as obesity progresses, there may be increased release of proinflammatory cytokines from adipocytes after exposure to endotoxins and environmental stimuli. Such prolonged stimulation causes chronic subclinical inflammation, as well as insulin resistance, which may possibly contribute to the progression of DMII. Please note: this is just a sample. Get a custom paper from our expert writers now. Get a Custom Essay Interestingly, the microbiome also changes in obesity. In the intestine there is a decrease in Bacteriodetes and an increase in Firmicutes; the final phylum is topped by Gram-positive organisms such as Staphylococcus species. Such alterations in the microbiome are presumed to correspond to increased energy extracted from food, which in turn promotes the progression of obesity. Furthermore, the number of nasal colonizations by Staphylococcus aureus is also increased in men and women with a high body mass index. Furthermore, S. aureus skin infection is also more frequent in overweight and obese subjects than in lean subjects. Although commonly considered an opportunistic pathogen, S. aureus causes several life-threatening infections in humans, causing menstrual toxic shock syndrome (TSS), pneumonia, sepsis, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis. Considering the strong correlation between obesity and DMII and the suggested roles of microbes in the pathophysiology of obesity, it is possible that the presence of S. aureus in obese individuals impacts the development of DMII.