Recently most international trade was between developed countries and the goods traded were only partially diversified and therefore we can talk about like-like trade or even intra-industry trade, e.g. similar cars of different brands. What happened is that companies that were previously very similar with almost no market power grew in size and also their market power if they had outperformed other companies. In other words, a couple of successful companies have managed to become oligopolies and fix prices. Under the assumption of oligopolistic competition (or a more restrictive assumption than monopolistic competition which states that all oligopolistic companies are equal) the New Trade Theory was introduced. This theory describes well the reasoning behind intra-industry international trade which accounted for the majority of international trade after World War II until around 1990. The importance of geographical location, transportation costs and mobility of production factors were taken into account and described the clustering effect as a self-enforcing process due to economies of scale and positive externalities, but sometimes even as a historical accident. Another important role played the formation of trade unions such as the European common market which removed many trade barriers and strengthened international trade. Trade unions, but also the reduction in transport costs, mainly due to technological progress, have once again allowed access to new markets and many multinationals have taken advantage of this. There are a couple of reasons why such companies were successful: sufficient capital for international expansion, extraordinary products, economies of scale, oligopolistic power… Trade between rich countries and like-like goods in this period was in line with the Gravity tips