Critical theory aims to examine notions considered self-evident by pointing out the internal contradictions within them. This allows us, people in society, to better understand the reasons for the problems we experience. In this article I will address the contradictions between false and true needs according to Herbert Marcuse. To examine these contradictions, I will focus on Marcuse's central claim that false needs prevent us in society from changing a problem and solving it. Furthermore, I will discuss his solution for this contradiction that in order to change we must be aware of the things that happen to us and not be so one-dimensional. The contradiction that Marcuse focuses on in “The New Forms of Control” In other words, people in society are manipulated by the government into the way we think, we are manipulated to believe that these false needs are what we really want in our lives. However, Marcuse suggests that these false needs do not provide us with true freedom, or true happiness, they only give us temporary happiness, meaning that when these needs are met, we gain satisfaction (Marcuse, p.7). The fact that these are not our real needs leads us to a serious problem, in the sense that it prevents us from changing a problem in society, and from solving it in our lives. For example, advertising in today's society can reflect false needs. Nowadays the goods are bound to break after a certain period of time, this keeps the demands high. Things are no longer built to hold their value, and false economics gives the idea that spending more on an item will make it last longer. These illusions of the world, according to Marcuse, become our reality (Marcuse, p.13). We tend to forget that there are multiple dimensions out there and we feel comfortable in this one-dimensional society, where false needs appear to be real needs. The reason we are so one-dimensionally blinded and can't really escape is because these false needs blind us pleasantly (Marcuse, p.14). The government describes these false needs as pleasant and claims that to change something in society we must be well aware and not one-dimensional. To do this it is necessary to overcome ideology. Marcuse suggests that we must find the way from false to true consciousness; we must distinguish between our false needs and our true needs (Marcuse, p. 7). One can find true needs by being fully aware of one's true concerns, this is done by developing a conscience consistent with one's class position (Marcuse). In other words, it is necessary for human benefits to develop a true understanding of class position if their individual and class interests are to be realized.
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