Many historians today would agree that the use of profits as the basis of William's thesis has been lost and that the ultimate success of the Industrial Revolution should have been the advancement of technology and its contribution to sustainable per capita growth rather than wealth accumulation. It is in this sense that the internal factors that fueled the Industrial Revolution, such as the development of coal- and steam-based energy, developed largely autonomously from the Atlantic system, and the Industrial Revolution would most likely have begun without the Atlantic trading system, even if slavery had been abolished. two centuries earlier than it had been. However, the development of these technologies was most likely the result of an influx in demand for manufactured goods and the increased availability of cheap raw materials, made possible by slave labor. The need for these inventions may therefore not have been necessary if it were not for the Atlantic trade