In this regard, the presence of smartphones is potentially harmful since many people often use applications such as WhatsApp or Viber to communicate virtually instead of face-to-face. Nowadays, it is not uncommon to find families, or even couples, sitting together at the table surrounded by complete silence because they are too absorbed with their smartphones in hand. According to Turkle (2011), people increase their connections only in a superficial sense as they move closer to mobile devices and away from humans. Although they remain in touch with friends via their smartphones, the stronger bonds that are fostered through direct communication will cease. Interpersonal relationships will therefore be hindered as many people cannot afford to put their smartphone away for just a few minutes. Furthermore, current relationships can also weaken as people are neither motivated nor interested in maintaining intimacy between their loved ones