Knowing more about the typical female juvenile delinquent has provided the justice system with a better understanding of the possible causes behind female juvenile delinquency. According to Clemens Bartollas, the typical young female delinquent has: aged 13 to 18, experienced academic failure, truancy, and dropping out [of school], has a history of repeated victimization, particularly physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, [arrives] comes from an unstable family background that includes involvement in the criminal justice system, lack of connection and social isolation, has a history of unhealthy dependent relationships, especially with older males, has mental health issues, including a history of substance abuse , and is suited to being part of a community of color. (71) Of these characteristics, one in particular stood out in the Cauffman report; stated that “victimization during childhood or adolescence is a risk factor for both male and female offending, but is a stronger predictor among females” (131). Although many of these characteristics are present in the daily lives of both male and female youth, many of them are different “in terms of intensity for girls” (Bartollas 71). Just as Cauffman argued about victimization, some of these characteristics are better predictors of female delinquency than male delinquency