Human beings are unique individuals with diverse opinions and preferences. However, there are many such patterns of knowledge and belief, such as 1+1=2, that we collectively share with people in our respective society, encompassed as culture. Beliefs and knowledge are the fundamental pillars in forming the maps of our territory. According to Plato, knowledge is a “true and justified belief (Baker)”, usually discovered and strengthened by tangible facts. In contrast, beliefs are a psychological state without concrete evidence. Culture is therefore the stone of these pillars that influences the ways of interpreting our world, framing our maps. However, “just because we are not all the same does not mean we have nothing in common (Theory)”. We may have knowledge in certain areas that are "independent of our culture", therefore universally valued. The natural sciences are undoubtedly an area of knowledge that is "independent of our culture". Regardless of ethnicity, gender and location, the speed of light is accepted as 299,792,458 m/s (Kornreich). This scientific knowledge is incontrovertible because the measurement is supported by substantial observations. Once replicated, the measurement will most likely produce the same value because the speed of light is immutable. However, the empirical components of some scientific knowledge make them more subjective due to interpretative ambiguities. Most scientific knowledge is formed inductively with a generalization derived from specific observations. For example, in biology class, we qualitatively observed the amount of glucose in fruit by adding drops of Benedict's reagent and determining color changes. The brick red color implied the most sugar. Based on my observations, I inductively concluded that… halfway through the article… artificiality will proceed in the results. Therefore, knowledge in psychology is often less “independent of our culture” as it constantly struggles with limitations to transcend the description of complex human behaviors. In conclusion, we can certainly have beliefs or knowledge that are "independent of our culture." However, knowledge in particular areas is more universal than others due to the subject matter. While the topics of mathematics and natural science are largely in harmony with the patterns of the universe, psychological knowledge is unpredictable because its topics are subject to a multitude of influences. With their predictability, mathematical and scientific knowledge is more "independent of our culture" than psychological knowledge. While there is universal knowledge, how we interpret that knowledge is still significantly constructed by our cultures.
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