Daniel E. O'Keefe, Ph. D. (1914 - 1971) pioneered several areas of the social work profession, including in the U.S. military, National Institute of Mental Health and the University of Houston Graduate School of Social Work. Born in Portsmouth, Ohio, O'Keefe earned a bachelor of science degree from the University of Dayton and a master of science degree in social work from the Catholic University of America. He worked with both the Catholic Guidance Clinic in Cincinnati, Ohio, and then with the Loyola University School of Social Work. The US Public Health Service Hospital in Lexington, KY, a hospital for drug addicts and general psychiatric patients, appointed O'Keefe as director in 1940 (NASW, 2004). After the United States entered World War II, six enlisted men who were professionally trained psychiatric social workers were assigned to the newly formed Mental Hygiene Consultation Service in Ft. Monmouth, New Jersey. This event was the first time that military personnel who were professionally trained social workers were assigned and used as psychiatric social workers in a military unit. (Daley, 2009, p. 4) This is significant, because enlisted men are generally considered professionals, while officers are professionals (Military.com and Henry, n.d.). In a September 1943 memorandum, Elizabeth H. Ross, secretary of the War Service Office, stated that enlisted men in the ranks of private officers or noncommissioned officers in the Army could apply to become a psychiatric social worker. Serving Army officers could not apply to become psychiatric social workers (Daley, 2009), meaning the military did not recognize psychiatric social workers as professionals. of paper......or interiors. Washington, DC: Office of the Surgeon General.Ehrenreich, J.H. (1985). The Altruistic Imagination: A History of Social Work and Social Policy in the United States. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Military.com (interviewer) and Henry, B. (interviewee). (n.d.). Officers: Making the transition to a civilian job [Interview transcript]. Retrieved from Military.com website: http://www.military.com/veteran-jobs/content/career-advice/job-hunting/orion-veteran-officer-job-recruiting.htmlNASW Foundation. (2004). NASW Social Work Pioneers: Daniel O'Keefe (1914-1971). In the NASW Foundation. Retrieved February 15, 2012, from http://www.naswfoundation.org/pioneers/o/okeefe.htm.University of Houston, Graduate College of Social Work. (2008). Doctoral student handbook: doctoral program. Retrieved from www.uh.edu/socialwork/_docs/phdprogram/DoctoralHandbook.doc