Prokaryotic Cells All living things are made of cells, and cells are the smallest units that can be alive. Life on Earth is classified into five kingdoms, each of which has its own characteristic cell type. However, the largest division is between the cells of the prokaryotic kingdom (monera, the bacteria) and those of the other four kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi, and protoctista), which are all eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells, and do not have a nucleus. Prokaryotic means "pre-nucleus" and eukaryotic means "true nucleus". The nucleus in eukaryotic cells contains DNA in linear chromosomes and is bounded by a nuclear membrane, but since a prokaryotic cell does not have a nucleus and its DNA is a single circular coiled molecule that floats freely within the cell and is not bounded by the nuclear membrane nor is it complexed with any protein. In addition to circular DNA, some bacteria also contain plasmids. Prokaryotic cells are much older and different than eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells have probably existed for 3.5 billion years, which is about 2.5 billion years longer than eukaryotic cells. Not all prokaryotic cells have all the parts shown above. All bacterial cells have a cell wall, a cytoplasm, a cell membrane, circular DNA, food storage granules, and ribosomes. The capsule (or slime layer) is a thick layer of polysaccharides outside the cell wall. It is used to join cells, as a food reserve, as protection against drying and chemicals, and as protection against phagocytosis. It also irritates the waste and protects the cell from drying out. The cell...... in the center of the paper......Does not have chloroplastsAnimal cells do not have chloroplasts but plant cells doThey do not have endoplasmic rectum or golgi bodyThey have endoplasmic rectum and golgi bodyAlways unicellularOften multicellularNo cytoskeletonAlways has a cytoskeletonDivision cell occurs by binary fission Cell division occurs by mitosis or meiosis Reproduction is always asexual Reproduction is asexual or sexual Does not have a nucleus or any membrane-bound organelles Always has a nucleus and other membrane organelles DNA is circular, without proteins ​​(naked) DNA is linear and associated with proteins forms chromatin May have one or more flagella Not have flagella Have a protective capsule (or slimy layer) Not have a protective capsule (or slimy layer)