Sir Isaac Newton was born 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727. He was a natural philosopher and generally regarded as the most original and influential theorist in the history of science, widely recognized and as one of the most influential people of all time. He was also a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiae Naturalis Pricipia Mathematica ("Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy"), was first published in 1687 and laid the foundation for classical optics. Newton also made fundamental contributions to optics and shares credit with Gotfreid Leibniz or the invention of calculus. Furthermore, by creating the theory of calculus, Newton had transformed the structure of physical science with the three laws of motion that we have all come to know. In 1666, as the story tells us, Newton observed an apple falling from a tree in his garden at Woolsthorpe, later saying: "In the same year I began to think of gravity extending to the globe of the Moon." Newton's memory was not accurate. In fact, all evidence holds that the concept of universal gravitation did not fully pop into Newton's head in 1666, but remained in hibernation for almost 20 years. By April 1667, Isaac Newton had returned to Cambridge University and, against all odds, was elected a Junior Fellow at Trinity. His success was fortunate. The following year he became a senior member after obtaining his master's degree in literature, and in 1669, before his 27th birthday, he succeeded Isaac Barrow as Lucasian professor of mathematics. The tasks of this assignment gave Newton the opportunity to organize the results of his previous research. In 1672, after his election to the Royal Society, he had communicated his first pub... middle of the paper... the theory of light was essentially "corpuscular", or particle. Indeed, since light (unlike sound) travels in straight lines and casts sharp shadows, Newton gave the impression that light was composed of small particles that moved in straight lines in the manner of inert bodies. Furthermore, since experiments had shown that the properties of the individual colors of light were constant and unchanging, so, Newton reasoned, so was the matter of light itself: the particles. Newton's research on dynamics falls into three time periods: the plague years 1664-1666, the research of 1679-1680, following Hooke's correspondence, and the period 1684-1687, following Halley's visit to the University of Cambridge. The gradual evolution of Newton's thinking over these two decades illustrates the difficulty of his results as well as the prolonged nature of scientific discovery.