It is important for engineers to ensure that nanotechnology research and development is reliable and cost-effective. It is important that a nanodevice is able to interact with “chips in a circuit through a system of input/output interconnections”. [1] The enclosure of a nanodevice must be able to support the device and protect it from damage. This packaging must; allow electrical current to flow, transfer signals to and from the device, effectively dissipate heat, and provide protection from environmental factors. A packaging and testing sector has been established to ensure that these guidelines are followed in the production of nanotechnology in large volumes. [1]3. MATERIALS AND PRODUCTION 3.1 NANOMATERIAL MEMBRANES: Research is being conducted on nanotechnology after realizing its potential to be able to recover oil and gas. This is possible due to the difference in chemical composition between the gas and the membrane material. The membrane is able to absorb the selected elements allowing for effective separation. Nanomaterial membranes are preferred over the use of ceramics due to their resistance to cracking, resistance to extreme heat. These materials are used specifically for the removal, recovery and sequestration of carbon dioxide from gaseous products. Using this process, engineers are able to ensure the purification of the oil and gas stream while still having the ability to clean contaminated areas. [2] [3]3.2 CARBON Carbon black has been found to be the most suitable material to be used in the nanotechnology industry. Carbon black is a suitable material for nanotechnology devices as it has ideal electrical conductivity/insulation. Its properties are determined based on the size of the device and also the chemical composition. [4] [5]...... half of the document ......alternative to conventional cultivation methods. Nanotechnology can be used as a controller to prevent overuse and reduce runoff of fertilizers and pesticides used in agriculture. “Nanosensor networks could be deployed to enable real-time monitoring of crops, soil and climate conditions to optimize resource use and increase yields.” [8] Advances in agriculture allow farmers to protect their crops from drought and disease. In the food industry, nanotechnology is used to preserve flavor enhancers and other additives and nutrients. As in the agricultural sector, it is possible to introduce sensors to monitor the quality and safety of food, detecting any microorganisms that may be present. One concern is that engineers are unaware of the risks that may be presented by the toxicity of the monitoring devices themselves. [8]