The history of the Islamic world has been characterized by weak state institutions and inadequate state performance, along with a high prevalence of violence, both by the state and by individuals . A major reason for these negative trends has been the role of political Islam in privileging homogeneity over diversity, in stifling dissent in public and private life, and in the social stagnation that follows such strict controls. Malaysia and Indonesia were notable exceptions to the poor performance of Islamic cultures. There are numerous ways in which underperforming government institutions fail their citizens. Institutions can fail in education, economics, military/police, religion, social sphere, and institutional intolerance of cultural diversity. The role of government institutions is to take care of citizens by ensuring freedom from certain events and the freedom to participate in them. others. Governments must guarantee their citizens freedom from harm, whether from foreign states, fellow citizens, or the government itself. Institutions must provide citizens with the freedom to obtain an education, find sustainable employment, participate socially in life, practice religion, express opinions and advocate for change, and, overall, live a full and meaningful life. Institutions must maintain stability while offering choices for a better life, be responsive to people's needs, and interact and adapt to a changing world. An underperforming state fails its citizens in these basic needs and rights. From this perspective, societies dominated by political Islam are indeed failing their citizens. Islamic societies fail their citizens militarily. Often the military is the only continuously functioning government segment in the administration in Egypt and Iran, New York: SUNY Press, 2012. Available on SSRN: http: //ssrn.com/abstract=1505542 or http://dx .doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1505542, p. 48.[15] Afsah, Ebrahim (2008). "Contested universalities of international law. Islam's struggle with modernity", Journal of the History of International Law, vol. 10: pp. 259-307. , P. 305.[16] Amin, M. (ed.). (2012). After the Spring: Economic Transitions in the Arab World. New York: Oxford University Press, p.31.[17] Ibid., p. 15.[18] Vlieger, A. (2011). Domestic workers in Saudi Arabia and the Emirates: victims of trafficking? Amsterdam Law School Research Paper No. 2011-32, p.6.[19] Khoo, B.T., Hadiz, V.R. (2010, June). Critical Connections: Islamic Politics and Political Economy in Indonesia and Malaysia. (239). Institute for Developing Economies, Mihama Ward, Chiba City, p. 3.