In the research paper “Examining the Interactive Effect of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Distress Tolerance, and Gender on Residential Use Disorder Treatment Retention,” written by Matthew T. Tull, Kim L. Gratz and Scott F. Coffey, University of Mississippi. Researchers have conducted research on how PTSD-SUD diagnosis impacts completion of residential PTSD treatment (Tull, 2012;Gratz, 2012;Coffey,2012 p.763). In addition to research conducted by professors at the University of Mississippi, there is previous research showing the co-occurrence of PTSD among PTSD patients is clinically relevant, because there are more negative clinical outcomes among patients with (vs. without) PTSD, including faster relapse and more severe substance use after PTSD treatment (Brown, Stout, & Mueller , 1996; Hien, Nunes, Levin, and Fraser, 2000; Najavits et al., 2007; Ouimette, Finney, and Moos, 1999), higher rates of suicide attempts (Najavits, Weiss, Shaw, and Muenz 1998); impairment (both overall and following SUD treatment; Mills, Teesson, Ross, & Darke, 2007; Mills, Teesson, Ross, & Peters, 2006; Ouimette et al., 1999), higher rates of co-occurrence of Aces I and II disorders (Back et al., 2000; Najavits, Gastfriend et al., 1998; Read, Brown and Kahler, 2004), more severe history of traumatic exposure (Back et al., 2000; Najavits, Gastfriend et al. , 1998) and increased use of inpatient SUD treatment (Brown, Stout, & Mueller, 1999). But so far there is no research on the relevance of the co-occurrence of PTSD-SUD and residential SUD treatment. Beyond that, researchers were wondering about the relationship between PTSD, DT (distress tolerance), and SUD treatment completion. And the focus of… half of the article… post-treatment functioning and coping of substance abusing and PTSD patients. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 13, 105–114. doi:10.1037/0893-164X.13.2.105Read, J. P., Brown, P. J., & Kahler, C. W. (2004). Substance use and posttraumatic stress disorder: Interaction of symptoms and effects on outcome. Addictive Behaviors, 29, 1665–1672. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.061Zanarini, M. C., Frankenburg, F. R., Sickel, A. E., & Young, L. (1996). Diagnostic interview for DSM-IV personality disorders. Unpublished provision. Boston, MA: McLean Hospital.Zanarini, M.C., Skodol, A.E., Bender, D., Dolan, R., Sanislow, C., Schaefer, E., . . . Gunderson, J. G. (2000). The collaborative study on longitudinal personality disorders: reliability of axis I and II diagnoses. Journal of Personality Disorders, 14, 291–299. doi:10.1521/pedi.2000