Topic > Zahir Muhammad and the Mughal Empire - 1734

Zahir Muhammad, a supposedly important Mongol descendant, developed an empire that would eventually include most of the Indian subcontinent. Zahir founded the Mughal dynasty and managed to conquer almost all of India. However, the most influential ruler of the Mughal Empire was Zahir's nephew Akbar. After killing the commander of the Mughal army, Akbar decided to centralize the government. Although he was a devout Muslim, he was fascinated by different religions and philosophies. He decided that the empire would embrace all religions and that his imperial court would consist of Hindus, Christians, Zoroastrians, Jains and Sikhs. He ensured that there was religious tolerance among all his people by focusing on himself as the ruler of “divine faith.” Through his rule, the Mughal Empire grew rich through foreign trade with European nations. They created one of the current wonders of the world: the Taj Mahal. His successor, Aurangzeb, allowed the empire to reach its peak in terms of power and geography. However, he rejected Akbar's policy of religious tolerance. As a result, Muslims had all the power, and tensions quickly rose between other faiths. Several riots occurred when Hindu temples were replaced with mosques and taxes were imposed on Hindu subjects. Eventually the English settled in India to form a trade route between India and Britain. Since the Mughals did not focus on advancing their technologies, the British were able to capture the trade market, which severely weakened the Mughals.